約 2,842,870 件
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原文:Audio Devices Rev. 2.0 Spec and Adopters Agreement(ZIP) Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 1 Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 2 Scope of This Release This document is the Release 2.0 of this device class definition. Contributors Geert Knapen (Editor) Philips Applied Technologies AppTech-USA 1101 McKay Drive M/S 16 San Jose, CA 95131 USA Phone +1 (408) 474-8774 E-mail geert.knapen(at)philips.com Mike Kent Roland Corporation Kaoru Ishimine Roland Corporation Shoichi Kojima Roland Corporation Robert Gilsdorf Creative Labs Daniel (D.J.) Sisolak Microsoft Corporation Jack Unverferth Microsoft Corporation Niel Warren Apple Computer, Inc. Len Layton C-Media Electronics Mark Cookson M-Audio Revision History Revision Date Filename Author Description 1.7 Mar 18, 98 Frmts17.doc USB-IF DWG Original Frmts.doc document opened for review. 1.7a Oct. 24, 02 Frmts17a.doc Geert Knapen Identified areas for change. 1.7b Dec 06, 02 Frmts17b.doc DJ Sisolak Updated for USB 2.0 Core Specification 1.7c Dec 10, 02 Frmts17c.doc DJ Sisolak Make comments on the edits and accepted a number of changes. 1.7d Feb. 05, 03 Frmts17d.doc Geert Knapen Reviewed and accepted additional changes. 1.7e Feb. 07, 03 Frmts17e.doc Geert Knapen Completed cluster descriptors in Format descriptors. Added language for the sliding averaging window. 1.7e1 Feb. 19, 03 Frmts17e1.doc Geert Knapen Actually added language for USB packetization. 1.7f Mar. 26, 03 Frmts17f.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all changes 1.7g Apr. 07, 03 Frmts17g.doc Geert Knapen Major overhaul. Halfway through the RANGE implementation 1.7h Jun. 03, 03 Frmts17h.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all the changes so far. 1.7i Jun. 03, 03 Frmts17i.doc Geert Knapen Edited requests to reflect the RANGE attribute Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 3 Revision Date Filename Author Description 1.7j Jul..11, 03 Frmts1ji.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all the changes, fixed a duplicate definition for D6 1.7k Sep. 08, 03 Frmts17k.doc Geert Knapen Added RAW_DATA format 1.7l Sep. 10, 03 Frmts17l.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all the changes 1.7m Oct. 14, 03 Frmts17m.doc Geert Knapen Added CN to all requests. Added some Controls. 1.7n Nov. 05, 03 Frmts17n.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all the changes. 1.7o Nov. 17, 03 Frmts17o.doc Geert Knapen Removed all references to sampling frequencies in the format-specific descriptors. 1.7p Dec. 01, 03 Frmts17p.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all the changes 1.7q Dec. 12, 03 Frmts17q.doc Geert Knapen Introduced extended Format Types 1.7r Feb. 04, 04 Frmts17r.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all changes 1.7s Apr. 13, 04 Frmts17s.doc Geert Knapen Added new Type III codes. Added Hi-Res Timestamp Sideband Protocol. Added Type IV Format. Moved decoder information to Audio document. Removed the concept of Format-specific descriptors and replaced them with Decoder descriptors 1.7t Apr. 28, 04 Frmts17t.doc Geert Knapen Added more info on the different audio data format types. 1.8 May 26, 04 Frmts18.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all changes and promoted to 1.8 level. 1.8a Aug. 10, 05 Frmts18a.doc Geert Knapen Minor editorial changes 1.8b Aug. 16, 05 Frmts18b.doc Geert Knapen Accepted editorial changes, based on F2F meeting review 1.8c Aug. 16, 05 Frmts18c.doc Geert Knapen Added DTS support 1.8d Sep. 02, 05 Frmts18d.doc Geert Knapen Accepted all the changes. 1.9RC1 Sep. 02, 05 Frmts19RC1.doc Geert Knapen Republished unchanged as 1.9RC1 1.9RC2 Oct. 05, 05 Frmts19RC2.doc Geert Knapen Removed comment on the Microsoft link. Accepted the change. 1.9 Oct. 07, 05 Frmts19.doc Geert Knapen Promoted to 1.9 without change. 2.0RC1 May 19, 06 Frmts20RC1.doc Geert Knapen Promoted to 2.0RC1 without change. Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 4 Revision Date Filename Author Description 2.0 May 31, 06 Frmts20.doc Geert Knapen Added new Intellectual Property Disclaimer. Final version. Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 5 Copyright © 1997-2006 USB Implementers Forum, Inc.All rights reserved. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DISCLAIMER A LICENSE IS HEREBY GRANTED TO REPRODUCE THIS SPECIFICATION FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NO OTHER LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, IS GRANTED OR INTENDED HEREBY. USB-IF AND THE AUTHORS OF THIS SPECIFICATION EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS RELATING TO IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION IN THIS SPECIFICATION. USB-IF AND THE AUTHORS OF THIS SPECIFICATION ALSO DO NOT WARRANT OR REPRESENT THAT SUCH IMPLEMENTATION(S) WILL NOT INFRINGE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF OTHERS. THIS SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITH NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. ALL WARRANTIES ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. USB-IF, ITS MEMBERS AND THE AUTHORS OF THIS SPECIFICATION PROVIDE NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NO WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NO WARRANTY ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION, OR SAMPLE. IN NO EVENT WILL USB-IF, MEMBERS OR THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE TO ANOTHER FOR THE COST OF PROCURING SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF DATA OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER UNDER CONTRACT, TORT, WARRANTY, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION, WHETHER OR NOT SUCH PARTY HAD ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NOTE VARIOUS USB-IF MEMBERS PARTICIPATED IN THE DRAFTING OF THIS SPECIFICATION. CERTAIN OF THESE MEMBERS MAY HAVE DECLINED TO ENTER INTO A SPECIFIC AGREEMENT LICENSING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS THAT MAY BE INFRINGED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS SPECIFICATION. PERSONS IMPLEMENT THIS SPECIFICATION AT THEIR OWN RISK. Dolby™, AC-3™, Pro Logic™ and Dolby Surround™ are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories, Inc. All other product names are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of their respective owners. Please send comments via electronic mail to audio-chair(atusb.org) 1 - 6 - 11 - 16 - 21 - 26 - 31 ここを編集
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(2014-03-20) MRT audio | MIDI Breath Controller Systems MRTaudio | Midi Breath Controller Product
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portaudioのコンパイル (2011-03-03時点の情報) pa_stable_v19_20071207.tar.gz をダウンロードして展開 /c/ProgDat/installed/portaudio-v19_20071207_stable が展開先 そのままconfigure make すると gcc -shared lib/.libs/libportaudio-2.dll.def src/common/.libs/pa_allocation.o src/common/.libs/pa_converters.o src/common/.libs/pa_cpuload.o src/common/.libs/pa_dither.o src/common/.libs/pa_debugprint.o src/common/.libs/pa_front.o src/common/.libs/pa_process.o src/common/.libs/pa_skeleton.o src/common/.libs/pa_stream.o src/common/.libs/pa_trace.o src/hostapi/wmme/.libs/pa_win_wmme.o src/os/win/.libs/pa_win_hostapis.o src/os/win/.libs/pa_win_util.o -lwinmm -o lib/.libs/libportaudio-2.dll -Wl,--enable-auto- image-base -Xlinker --out-implib -Xlinker lib/.libs/libportaudio.dll.a Creating library file lib/.libs/libportaudio.dll.a src/hostapi/wmme/.libs/pa_win_wmme.o In function `QueryFormatSupported c \ProgDat\installed\portaudio-v19_20071207_stable/src/hostapi/wmme/pa_win_wmme.c 549 undefined reference to `PaWin_InitializeWaveFormatExtensible c \ProgDat\installed\portaudio-v19_20071207_stable/src/hostapi/wmme/pa_win_wmme.c 555 undefined reference to `PaWin_InitializeWaveFormatEx src/hostapi/wmme/.libs/pa_win_wmme.o In function `InitializeWaveHandles c \ProgDat\installed\portaudio-v19_20071207_stable/src/hostapi/wmme/pa_win_wmme.c 1751 undefined reference to `PaWin_InitializeWaveFormatExtensible c \ProgDat\installed\portaudio-v19_20071207_stable/src/hostapi/wmme/pa_win_wmme.c 1759 undefined reference to `PaWin_InitializeWaveFormatEx src/hostapi/wmme/.libs/pa_win_wmme.o In function `OpenStream c \ProgDat\installed\portaudio-v19_20071207_stable/src/hostapi/wmme/pa_win_wmme.c 2260 undefined reference to `PaWin_DefaultChannelMask c \ProgDat\installed\portaudio-v19_20071207_stable/src/hostapi/wmme/pa_win_wmme.c 2309 undefined reference to `PaWin_DefaultChannelMask collect2 ld returned 1 exit status make *** [lib/libportaudio.la] Error 1 対策に、http //www.tzik.mydns.jp/ap2007/wiki/index.php?PortAudio%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6 にあった、configure.in の 「src/os/win/pa_win_waveformat.o」を「src/hostapi/wmme/pa_win_wmme.o」のあとにスペースあけてくっつければいいみたいですが をやってみた。 .inはautoconfで使われるもので、autoconfはMinGWにはいってたので、 とりあえずわからないながらやってみた。 $ aclocal aclocal macro `_LT_DECL_SED required but not defined aclocal macro `_LT_FUNC_STRIPNAME_CNF required but not defined なにかエラーになってしまったが $ autoconf はうまく行った様子なので、 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local とやってうまく行った様子なので make make install で上手くコンパイルできた。
https://w.atwiki.jp/pkkai/pages/14.html
基本的な使い方
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ウィキはみんなで気軽にホームページ編集できるツールです このページは自由に編集することができます。 メールで送られてきたパスワードを用いてログインすることで、各種変更(サイト名、トップページ、メンバー管理、サイドページ、デザイン、ページ管理、等)することができます ■ 新しいページを作りたい!! ページの下や上に「新規作成」というリンクがあるので、それをクリックしてください。 ■ 表示しているページを編集したい! ページ上の「このページを編集」というリンクや、ページ下の「編集」というリンクを押してください。 ■ ブログサイトの更新情報を自動的に載せたい!! お気に入りのブログのRSSを使っていつでも新しい情報を表示できます。詳しくはこちらをどうぞ。 ■ ニュースサイトの更新情報を自動的に載せたい!! RSSを使うと簡単に情報通になれます、詳しくはこちらをどうぞ。 ■ その他にもいろいろな機能満載!! 詳しくは、FAQ・初心者講座@wikiをみてね☆ 分からないことは? @wikiの詳しい使い方はヘルプ・FAQ・初心者講座@wikiをごらんください。メールでのお問い合わせも受け付けております。 ユーザ同士のコミュニケーションにはたすけあい掲示板をご利用ください
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ツールバーの使い方
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原文:Audio Data Formats 1.0(PDF) USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 6 1 Introduction The intention of this document is to describe in detail all the Audio Data Formats that are supported by the Audio Device Class. This document is considered an integral part of the Audio Device Class Specification, although subsequent revisions of this document are independent of the revision evolution of the main USB Audio Specification. This is to easily accommodate the addition of new Audio Data Formats without impeding the core USB Audio Specification. 1.1 Related Documents · Universal Serial Bus Specification, 1.0 final draft revision (also referred to as the USB Specification). In particular, see Chapter 9, “USB Device Framework.” · Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats (referred to in this document as USB Audio Data Formats). · Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Terminal Types (referred to in this document as USB Audio Terminal Types). · ANSI S1.11-1986 standard. · MPEG-1 standard ISO/IEC 111172-3 1993. · MPEG-2 standard ISO/IEC 13818-3 Feb. 20, 1997. · Digital Audio Compression Standard (AC-3), ATSC A/52 Dec. 20, 1995. (available from http //www.atsc.org) · ANSI/IEEE-754 floating-point standard. · ISO/IEC 958 International Standard Digital Audio Interface and Annexes. · ISO/IEC 1937 standard. · ITU G.711 standard. 1.2 Terms and Abbreviations This section defines terms used throughout this document. For additional terms that pertain to the Universal Serial Bus, see Chapter 2, “Terms and Abbreviations,” in the USB Specification. Audio Frame A collection of audio subframes, each containing a PCM audio sample of a different physical audio channel, taken at the same moment in time. Audio Stream A concatenation of a potentially very large number of audio frames ordered according to ascending time. Audio Subframe Holds a single PCM audio sample. DVD Acronym for Digital Versatile Disc. Encoded Audio Bitstream A concatenation of a potentially very large number of encoded audio frames, ordered according to ascending time. Encoded Audio Frame A sequence of bits that contains an encoded representation of one or more physical audio channels. MPEG Acronym for Moving Pictures Expert Group. PCM Acronym for Pulse Coded Modulation. Transfer Delimiter A unique token that indicates an interruption in an isochronous data packet stream. Can be either a zerolength data packet or the absence of an isochronous transfer in a certain USB frame. USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 7 blank page USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 8 2 Audio Data Formats Audio Data Formats can be divided in three main groups according to type. The first group, Type I, deals with audio data streams that are constructed on a sample-by-sample basis. Each audio sample is represented by a single independent symbol and the data stream is built up by concatenating those symbols. Different compression schemes may be used to transform the audio samples into symbols. If multiple physical audio channels are formatted into a single audio channel cluster, then samples at time x of subsequent channels are transmitted interleaved, according to the cluster channel ordering as described in the main USB Audio Specification, followed by samples at time x+1, interleaved in the same fashion and so on. The notion of physical channels is explicitly preserved during transmission. A typical example of Type I formats is the standard PCM audio data. The second group, Type II, deals with those formats that do not preserve the notion of physical channels during the transmission. Typically, all non-PCM encoded audio data streams belong to this group. A number of audio samples, often originating from multiple physical channels, are encoded into a number of bits in such a way that, after transmission, the original audio samples can be reconstructed to a certain degree of accuracy. The number of bits used for transmission is typically one or more orders of magnitude smaller than the number of bits needed to represent the original PCM audio samples, effectively realizing a considerable bandwidth reduction during transmission. The third group, Type III, contains special formats that do not fit in both previous groups. In fact, they mix characteristics of Type I and Type II groups to transmit audio data streams. One or more non-PCM encoded audio data streams are packed into “pseudo-stereo samples” and transmitted as if they were real stereo PCM audio samples. The sampling frequency of these pseudo samples matches the sampling frequency of the original PCM audio data streams. Therefore, clock recovery at the receiving end is easier than it is in the case of Type II formats. The drawback is that unless multiple non-PCM encoded streams are packed into one pseudo stereo stream, more bandwidth than necessary is consumed. Section A.1, “Audio Data Format Codes” summarizes the Audio Data Formats that are currently supported in the Audio Device Class. The following sections explain those formats in more detail. 2.1 Transfer Delimiter Isochronous data streams are continuous in nature, although the actual number of bytes sent per packet may vary throughout the lifetime of the stream (for rate adaptation purposes for instance). To indicate a temporary stop in the isochronous data stream without closing the pipe (and thus relinquishing the USB bandwidth), an in-band Transfer Delimiter needs to be defined. This specification considers two situations to be a Transfer Delimiter. The first is a zero-length data packet and the second is the absence of an isochronous transfer in a particular USB frame. Both situations are considered equivalent and the audio function is expected to behave the same. However, the second type consumes less isochronous USB bandwidth (i.e. zero bandwidth). In both cases, this specification considers a Transfer Delimiter to be an entity that can be sent over the USB. 2.2 Type I Formats The following sections describe the Audio Data Formats that belong to Type I. A number of terms and their definition are presented. 2.2.1 USB Packets Audio data streams that are inherently continuous must be packetized when sent over the USB. The quality of the packetizing algorithm directly influences the amount of effort needed to reconstruct a reliable sample clock at the receiving side. The goal must be to keep the instantaneous number of samples USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 9 per frame (ni) as close as possible to the average number of samples per frame, (nav). The average nav should be calculated as a sliding average over a period of 256 frames. If the sampling rate is a constant, the allowable variation on ni is limited to one sample, that is, Dni = 1. This implies that all packets must either contain INT (nav ) (small packet) or INT (nav ) + 1 (large packet) samples. For all i ni = INT (nav) | INT (nav) + 1 Note In the case where nav = INT (nav ), ni may vary between INT (nav) - 1 (small packet), INT (nav) (medium packet) and INT (nav) + 1 (large packet). To limit the needed buffer depths to acceptable limits, this specification limits the cumulative difference between nav and ni to ±1.5 samples. If the sampling rate can be varied (to implement pitch control), the allowable pitch shift is 1kHz/ms. That is, the allowable variation on ni is limited to one sample per frame. For all i ni+1 = ni ± 1 Pitch control is restricted to adaptive endpoints only. AudioStreaming interfaces that support pitch control on their isochronous endpoint are required to report this in the class-specific endpoint descriptor. In addition, a Set/Get Pitch Control request is required to enable or disable the pitch control functionality. 2.2.2 Audio Subframe The basic structure used to represent audio data is the audio subframe. An audio subframe holds a single audio sample. An audio subframe always contains an integer number of bytes. This specification limits the possible audio subframe sizes (bSubframeSize) to 1, 2, 3 or 4 bytes per audio subframe. An audio sample is represented using a number of bits (bBitResolution) less than or equal to the total number of bits available in the audio subframe, i.e. bBitResolution £ bSubframeSize*8. AudioStreaming endpoints must be constructed in such a way that a valid transfer can take place as long as the reported audio subframe size (bSubframeSize) is respected during transmission. If the reported bits per sample (bBitResolution) do not correspond with the number of significant bits actually used during transfer, the device will either discard trailing significant bits ([actual_bits_per_sample] bBitResolution) or interpret trailing zeros as significant bits ([actual_bits_per_sample] bBitResolution). 2.2.3 Audio Frame An audio frame consists of a collection of audio subframes, each containing an audio sample of a different physical audio channel, taken at the same moment in time. The number of audio subframes in an audio frame equals the number of logical audio channels in the audio channel cluster. The ordering of the audio subframes in the audio frame obeys the rules set forth in the USB Audio Specification. All audio subframes must have the same audio subframe size. 2.2.4 Audio Streams An audio stream is a concatenation of a potentially very large number of audio frames, ordered according to ascending time. Streams are packetized when transported over USB whereby USB packets can only contain an integer number of audio frames. Each packet always starts with the same channel, and the channel order is respected throughout the entire transmission. If, for any reason, there are no audio frames available to construct a USB packet, a Transfer Delimiter must be sent instead. USB Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 1.0 March 18, 1998 10 2.2.5 Type I Format Type Descriptor The Type I format type descriptor starts with the usual three fields bLength, bDescriptorType, and bDescriptorSubtype. The bFormatType field indicates this is a Type I descriptor. The bNrChannels field contains the number of physical channels in the audio data stream. The bSubframeSize field indicates how many bytes are used to transport an audio subframe. The bBitResolution field indicates how many bits of the total number of available bits in the audio subframe are truly used by the audio function to convey audio information. The sampling frequency capabilities of the isochronous data endpoint of the AudioStreaming Interface are reported as well. Depending on the bSamFreqType field, the length of the descriptor varies and the interpretation of the trailing fields differs. Sampling frequencies occupy three bytes and are expressed in Hz to support over-sampled, reduced bit-resolution systems (the range is from 0 to 16,777,215 Hz). Table 2-1 Type I Format Type Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Descriptio 0 bLength 1 Number Size of this descriptor, in bytes 8+(ns*3) 1 bDescriptorType 1 Constant CS_INTERFACE descriptor type. 2 bDescriptorSubtype 1 Constant FORMAT_TYPE descriptor subtype. 3 bFormatType 1 Constant FORMAT_TYPE_I. Constant identifying the Format Type the AudioStreaming interface is using. 4 bNrChannels 1 Number Indicates the number of physical channels in the audio data stream. 5 bSubframeSize 1 Number The number of bytes occupied by one audio subframe. Can be 1, 2, 3 or 4. 6 bBitResolution 1 Number The number of effectively used bits from the available bits in an audio subframe. 7 bSamFreqType 1 Number Indicates how the sampling frequency can be programmed 0 Continuous sampling frequency1..255 The number of discrete sampling frequencies supported by the isochronous data endpoint of the AudioStreaming interface (ns) 8... See sampling frequency tables, below. Depending on the value in the bSamFreqType field, the layout of the next part of the descriptor is as shown in the following tables. Table 2-2 Continuous Sampling Frequency Offset Field Size Value Descriptio 1 - 6 - 11 - 16 - 21 - 26 - 31 ここを編集
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原文:Audio Devices Rev. 2.0 Spec and Adopters Agreement(ZIP) Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 16 Offset Field Size Value Description 5 bBitResolution 1 Number The number of effectively used bits from the available bits in an audio subslot. 2.3.1.7 Type I Supported Formats The following paragraphs list all currently supported Type I Audio Data Formats. The bit allocations in the bmFormats field of the class-specific AS interface descriptor for the different Type I Audio Data Formats can be found in Appendix A.2.1, “Audio Data Format Type I Bit Allocations.” 2.3.1.7.1 PCM Format The PCM (Pulse Coded Modulation) format is the most commonly used audio format to represent audio data streams. The audio data is not compressed and uses a signed two’s-complement fixed point format. It is left-justified (the sign bit is the Msb) and data is padded with trailing zeros to fill the remaining unused bits of the subslot. The binary point is located to the right of the sign bit so that all values lie within the range [-1, +1). 2.3.1.7.2 PCM8 Format The PCM8 format is introduced to be compatible with the legacy 8-bit wave format. Audio data is uncompressed and uses 8 bits per sample (bBitResolution = 8). In this case, data is unsigned fixed-point, left-justified in the audio subslot, Msb first. The range is [0,255]. 2.3.1.7.3 IEEE_FLOAT Format The IEEE_FLOAT format is based on the ANSI/IEEE-754 floating-point standard. Audio data is represented using the basic single-precision format. The basic single-precision number is 32 bits wide and has an 8-bit exponent and a 24-bit mantissa. Both mantissa and exponent are signed numbers, but neither is represented in two s-complement format. The mantissa is stored in sign magnitude format and the exponent in biased form (also called excess-n form). In biased form, there is a positive integer (called the bias) which is subtracted from the stored number to get the actual number. For example, in an eight-bit exponent, the bias is 127. To represent 0, the number 127 is stored. To represent -100, 27 is stored. An exponent of all zeroes and an exponent of all ones are both reserved for special cases, so in an eight-bit field, exponents of -126 to +127 are possible. In the basic floating-point format, the mantissa is assumed to be normalized so that the most significant bit is always one, and therefore is not stored. Only the fractional part is stored. Denormalized (exponent = 0) values are considered to be zero. The 32-bit IEEE-754 floating-point word is broken into three fields. The most significant bit stores the sign of the mantissa, the next group of 8 bits stores the exponent in biased form, and the remaining 23 bits store the magnitude of the fractional portion of the mantissa. For further information, refer to the ANSI/IEEE-754 standard. The data is conveyed over USB using 32 bits per sample (bBitResolution = 32; bSubslotSize = 4). 2.3.1.7.4 ALaw Format and μLaw Format Starting from 12- or 16-bits linear PCM samples, simple compression down to 8-bits per sample (one byte per sample) can be achieved by using logarithmic companding. The compressed audio data uses 8 bits per sample (bBitsPerSample = 8). Data is signed fixed point, left-justified in the subslot, Msb first. The compressed range is [-128,128]. The difference between Alaw and μLaw compression lies in the formulae used to achieve the compression. Refer to the ITU G.711 standard for further details. Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 17 2.3.1.7.5 Type I Raw Data This audio format is included to allow transport of data (audio or other) over a USB AudioStreaming interface in the form of PCM-like audio slots when the actual format or even the meaning of the transported data is unknown. The USB pipe simply acts as a pass-through. As a consequence, such data can never be interpreted inside the audio function and can only be routed from an Input Terminal to one or more Output Terminals. From a USB standpoint, the data is packed as if it were Type I formatted audio data, but the data is never to be interpreted as being audio data. 2.3.2 Type II Formats Type II formats are used to transmit non-PCM encoded audio data into bit streams that consist of a sequence of encoded audio frames. 2.3.2.1 Encoded Audio Frames An encoded audio frame is a sequence of bits that contains an encoded representation of one or more physical audio channels. The encoding takes place over a fixed number of audio slots. Each encoded audio frame contains enough information to entirely reconstruct the audio samples (albeit not lossless), encoded in the encoded audio frame. No information from adjacent encoded audio frames is needed during decoding. The number of audio slots used to construct one encoded audio frame depends on the encoding scheme. (For MPEG, the number of slots per encoded audio frame (nf) is 384 for Layer I or 1152 for Layer II. For AC-3, the number of slots is 1536.) In most cases, the encoded audio frame represents multiple physical audio channels. The number of bits per encoded audio frame may be variable. The content of the encoded audio frame is defined according to the implemented encoding scheme. Where applicable, the bit ordering shall be MSB first, relative to existing standards of serial transmission or storage of that encoding scheme. An encoded audio frame represents an interval longer than the USB (micro)frame. This is typical of audio compression algorithms that use psycho-acoustic or vocal tract parametric models. cite(Note} It is important to make a clear distinction between a USB frame and an encoded audio frame. The overloaded use of the term frame could cause confusion. Therefore, this specification will always use the qualifier ‘encoded audio’ to refer to MPEG or AC-3 encoded audio frames. 2.3.2.2 Audio Bit Streams An encoded audio bit stream is a concatenation of a potentially very large number of encoded audio frames, ordered according to ascending time. Subsequent encoded audio frames are independent and can be decoded separately. 2.3.2.3 USB Packets Encoded audio bit streams are packetized when transported over an isochronous pipe. Each virtual frame packet potentially contains only part of a single encoded audio frame. Packet sizes are determined according to the short-packet protocol. The encoded audio frame is broken down into a number of packets, each containing wMaxPacketSize bytes except for the last packet, which may be smaller and contains the remainder of the encoded audio frame. If the MaxPacketsOnly bit D7 in the bmAttributes field of the class-specific endpoint descriptor is set, the last (short) packet must be padded with zero bytes to wMaxPacketSize length. No virtual frame packet may contain bits belonging to different encoded audio frames. If the encoded audio frame length is not a multiple of 8 bits, the last byte in the last packet is padded with zero bits. The decoder must ignore all padded extra bits and bytes. Consecutive encoded audio frames are separated by at least one Transfer Delimiter. A Transfer Delimiter must be sent in all virtual frames until the next encoded audio frame is due. The above rules guarantee that a new encoded audio frame always starts on a virtual frame packet boundary. Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 18 2.3.2.4 Bandwidth Allocation The encoded audio frame time tf equals the number of audio slots per encoded audio frame nf divided by the sampling rate fs of the original audio samples. ここに画像 The allocated bandwidth for the pipe must accommodate for the largest possible encoded audio frame to be transmitted within an encoded audio frame time. This should take into account the Transfer Delimiter requirement and any differences between the time base of the stream and the USB (micro)frame timer. The device may choose to consume more bandwidth than necessary (by increasing the reported wMaxPacketSize) to minimize the time needed to transmit an entire encoded audio frame. This can be used to enable early decoding and therefore minimize system latency. 2.3.2.5 Timing The timing reference point is the beginning of an encoded audio frame. Therefore, the USB packet that contains the first bits (usually the encoded audio frame sync word) of the encoded audio frame is used as a timing reference in USB space. This USB packet is called the reference packet. The transmission of the reference packet of an encoded audio frame should begin at the target playback time of that frame (minus the endpoint’s reported delay) rounded to the nearest USB (micro)frame time. This guarantees that, at the receiving end, the arrival of subsequent reference packets matches the encoded audio frame time tf as closely as possible. 2.3.2.6 Type II Format Type Descriptor The Type II Format Type descriptor starts with the usual three fields bLength, bDescriptorType and bDescriptorSubtype. The bFormatType field indicates this is a Type II descriptor. The wMaxBitRate field contains the maximum number of bits per second this interface can handle. It is a measure for the buffer size available in the interface. The wSlotsPerFrame field contains the number of PCM audio slots contained within a single encoded audio frame. Table 2-3 Type II Format Type Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bLength 1 Number Size of this descriptor, in bytes 8 1 bDescriptorType 1 Constant CS_INTERFACE descriptor type. 2 bDescriptorSubtype 1 Constant FORMAT_TYPE descriptor subtype. 3 bFormatType 1 Constant FORMAT_TYPE_II. Constant identifying the Format Type the AudioStreaming interface is using. 4 wMaxBitRate 2 Number Indicates the maximum number of bits per second this interface can handle. Expressed in kbits/s. 6 wSlotsPerFrame 2 Number Indicates the number of PCM audio slots contained in one encoded audio frame. Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 19 2.3.2.7 Rate feedback If the isochronous data endpoint needs explicit rate feedback (adaptive source, asynchronous sink), the feedback pipe must report the number of equivalent PCM audio slots. The host will accumulate this data and start transmission of an encoded audio frame whenever the current number of audio slots exceeds the number of slots per encoded audio frame. The remainder is kept in the accumulator. 2.3.2.8 Type II Supported Formats The following sections list all currently supported Type II Audio Data Formats. The bit allocations in the bmFormats field of the class-specific AS interface descriptor for the different Type II Audio Data Formats can be found in Appendix A.2.2, “Audio Data Format Type II Bit Allocations.” 2.3.2.8.1 MPEG Format Refer to the ISO/IEC 11172-3 1993 “Information technology -- Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s -- Part 3 Audio” and the ISO/IEC 13818-3 1998 “Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information -- Part 3 Audio” specifications for detailed format information. 2.3.2.8.2 AC-3 Format Refer to the Digital Audio Compression Standard (AC-3), ATSC A/52A Aug. 20, 2001 for detailed format information. 2.3.2.8.3 WMA Format This is an audio compression format from Microsoft. For technical and licensing information, contact Microsoft directly (http //www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/default.aspx). 2.3.2.8.4 DTS Format Refer to the ETSI Specification TS 102 114, “DTS Coherent Acoustics; Core and Extensions”. Available from http //webapp.etsi.org/action%5CPU/20020827/ts_102114v010101p.pdf. 2.3.2.8.5 Type II Raw Data This audio format is included to allow transport of data (audio or other) over a USB AudioStreaming interface in the form of a bit stream when the actual format or even the meaning of the transported data is unknown. The USB pipe simply acts as a pass-through. As a consequence, such data can never be interpreted inside the audio function and can only be routed from an Input Terminal to one or more Output Terminals. From a USB standpoint, the data is packed as if it were Type II formatted audio data, but the data is never to be interpreted as being audio data. 2.3.3 Type III Formats These formats are based upon the IEC61937 standard. The IEC61937 standard describes a method to transfer non-PCM encoded audio bit streams over an IEC60958 digital audio interface, together with the transfer of the accompanying “Channel Status” and “User Data.” The IEC60958 standard specifies a widely used method of interconnecting digital audio equipment with two-channel linear PCM audio. The IEC61937 standard describes a way in which the IEC60958 interface must be used to convey non-PCM encoded audio bit streams for consumer applications. The same basic techniques used in IEC61937 are reused here to convey non-PCM encoded audio bit streams over a Type III formatted audio stream. From a USB transfer standpoint, the data streaming over the interface looks exactly like two-channel 16 bit PCM audio data. Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 20 2.3.3.1 Type III Format Type Descriptor The bFormatType field indicates this is a Type III descriptor. The bSubSlotSize field indicates how many bytes are used to transport an audio subslot. The bBitResolution field indicates how many bits of the total number of available bits in the audio subslot are truly used by the audio function to convey audio information. Table 2-4 Type III Format Type Descriptor Offset Field Size Value Description 0 bLength 1 Number Size of this descriptor, in bytes 6 1 bDescriptorType 1 Constant CS_INTERFACE descriptor type. 2 bDescriptorSubtype 1 Constant FORMAT_TYPE descriptor subtype. 3 bFormatType 1 Constant FORMAT_TYPE_III. Constant identifying the Format Type the AudioStreaming interface is using. 4 bSubslotSize 1 Number The number of bytes occupied by one audio subslot. Must be set to two. 5 bBitResolution 1 Number The number of effectively used bits from the available bits in an audio subframe. 2.3.3.2 Type III Supported Formats Refer to the ISO/IEC 60958 and ISO/IEC 61937 (several parts) specifications for detailed format information. The bit allocations in the bmFormats field of the class-specific AS interface descriptor for the different Type III Audio Data Formats can be found in Appendix A.2.3, “Audio Data Format Type III Bit Allocations.” The following is a list of formats that is covered or will be covered by the above specifications. • IEC61937_AC-3 • IEC61937_MPEG-1_Layer1 • IEC61937_MPEG-1_Layer2/3 or IEC61937_MPEG-2_NOEXT • IEC61937_MPEG-2_EXT • IEC61937_MPEG-2_AAC_ADTS • IEC61937_MPEG-2_Layer1_LS • IEC61937_MPEG-2_Layer2/3_LS • IEC61937_DTS-I • IEC61937_DTS-II • IEC61937_DTS-III • IEC61937_ATRAC • IEC61937_ATRAC2/3 In addition, the WMA audio compression format as defined by Microsoft is supported. 2.3.4 Type IV Formats Type IV formats can only be used on external connections to the audio function that do not use a USB pipe for their data transport but that do need an AudioStreaming interface to control an encoder or decoder process in one or more of its Alternate Settings. A typical example of such a connection is an S/PDIF connector that is capable of handling both PCM stereo audio data streams (IEC60958) in one Alternate Release 2.0 May 31, 2006 20 1 - 6 - 11 - 16 - 21 - 26 - 31 ここを編集
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1.使い方 2.バイナリ 3.readme 4.SS 5.履歴 使用にあたって 使い方 オプション一覧 使用にあたって 言うまでも無く、非常に危険な代物です。ソフトウェアの挙動を理解した上でご利用ください。CPUパワーを必要とするので、できるだけハイスペックなPCをお奨めします。 現在のところ、Windows 2000/XP で動作するハズですが、基本的にXPでのみ動作確認しています。使用は自己責任でお願いします。どんな損害がおこっても補償できません。 使い方 仕掛けたい実行ファイルをgdi++.exeにドラッグ ドロップすると、フックされた状態で起動します。Windows標準のコントロールのフォント描画にも影響が及びます。 オプション一覧 設定ファイル"gdi++.ini"を同じディレクトリに置くことで、レンダリングの設定ができます。(なくても動きます) [General] Quality=1 Weight=0 Enhance=0 UseSubPixel=0 SubPixelDirection=0 MaxHeight=0 ForceAntialiasedQuality=0 [Exclude] FixedSys Marlett メイリオ [Individual] Tahoma=3 [ExcludeModule] iexplore.exe firefox.exe Qualityフォントの品質を調節します。0 何もしない 1 2倍キレイ(デフォルト) 2 3倍キレイ 3 4倍キレイ Weightフォントの濃さを調節します。(n + 1)回重ねて描画します。 Enhance水平・垂直の輪郭線を強調します。0 強調しない(デフォルト) 1 少し強調 2 ふつうに強調 3 強く強調 4 激しく強調 UseSubPixel簡易サブピクセルレンダリング(ClearTypeもどき)を有効にします。0 つかわない(デフォルト) 1 つかう SubPixelDirectionサブピクセルレンダリングを使うときの、サブピクセルの並び順を指定します。ほとんどの液晶モニタは左からRGBの順にサブピクセルが並んでいますが、たまにBGRの順で並んでいるモニタもあるようです。0 RGB(デフォルト) 1 BGR MaxHeightスムージングを掛ける最大のフォントサイズを「ピクセル単位で」指定します。0 すべてのサイズ(デフォルト) ForceAntialiasedQualityWindowsのClearTypeを無視するかどうかを指定します。無視すれば描画が高速になります。0 標準の品質(デフォルト) 1 ClearTypeを無視 [Exclude]セクション標準のレンダラで描画したいフォントを一行に一書体ずつ記入します。フォント名がリストに合致すれば、gdi++.dll は標準のレンダラに描画を丸投げします。ビットマップフォントや、ClearType系のフォントにどうぞ。 [Individual]セクション指定したフォント毎にWeightを設定できます。 [ExcludeModule]セクションgdi++.dllを適用させたくない実行ファイルを指定できます。このセクションに記述された実行ファイルにはgdi++.dllが適用されません。
https://w.atwiki.jp/usb_audio/pages/55.html
Audio Device Document 2.0 1 - 6 - 11 - 16 - 21 - 26 - 31 - 36 - 41 - 46 - 51 - 56 - 61 - 66 - 71 - 76 - 81 - 86 - 91 - 96 - 101 - 106 - 111 - 116 - 121 - 126 - 131 - 136 - 141 Audio Data Formats 2.0 1 - 6 - 11 - 16 - 21 - 26 - 31 Audio Terminal Types 2.0 1 - 6 - 11